Immune Checkpoints in Viral Infections

Immune checkpoints

1 This recognition was largely driven by the success of ipilim-umab, the monoclonal antibody that targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), an inhibitory receptor expressed on activated CD8 + T cells. CTLA-4 attenuates the immune response by countering the activity of CD28, a co-stimulatory receptor. 2 By targeting CTLA-4, ipilimumab effectively takes the " brakes " off T ce...

Studies on Avian Viral Infections in Iran

Immune functions during chronic viral infections

Chronic viral infections display a major health burden worldwide. Immune control of chronic viral infections requires a balanced interplay between immune activation promoting virus clearance and deactivation of antiviral immunity to prevent tissue damage. Our research is focused on identifying mechanisms regulating the balanced immune control of viral infections. Innate type I interferon produc...

Antioxidants and viral infections: host immune response and viral pathogenicity.

Malnutrition has long been associated with increased susceptibility to infectious disease. The increase in severity from and susceptibility to infectious disease in malnourished hosts is thought to be the result of an impaired immune response. For example, malnutrition could influence the immune response by inducing a less effective ability to manage the challenge of an infectious disease. Work...

Targeting immune checkpoints in malignant glioma

Malignant glioma is the most common and a highly aggressive cancer in the central nervous system (CNS). Cancer immunotherapy, strategies to boost the body's anti-cancer immune responses instead of directly targeting tumor cells, recently achieved great success in treating several human solid tumors. Although once considered "immune privileged" and devoid of normal immunological functions, CNS i...